DOI: https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2024-1-16-35

Political narrative: concepts, typologies and structures

Authors: Tamerian T.Yu., Shaipova A.M.

---

Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the narrative turn effects in humanitarian knowledge on the formation and development of the narrativity theory in relation to various types of discourse. The paper focuses on analytical and theoretical studies of the political narrative, its state of research, systematization of the concepts underlying its interpretations, and identification of the modern trends specifics in the development of political narrative. The authors managed to demonstrate the capacity of the narrative paradigm to describe the narrative nature of mentality and human activity through the prism of narrative in a socio-cultural context. Criteria have been established that make it possible to define a political narrative from the perspective of various interpretations. The theory of metanarrative is systematized and the stages of its transformation in the mirror of postmodernism and metamodern concepts are characterized. Five essential characteristics of the metanarrative are given: usefulness, ubiquity, invisibility, commitment, rigidity. The value component of metanarratives in the aspect of Russian and foreign cultures is represented by the example of basic concepts. The structure of ideologies and the family of ideologies as conceptual cluster formations are presented and described. 
The theories of the counternarrative are considered and the authors criteria for differentiating the alternative narrative and the counternarrative are put forward. The general structure of the narrative is demonstrated, taking into account narrative levels and narrative acts. The structure of the political narrative is described and the conditions for the successful implementation of the political narrative are identified, including the key elements of the political narrative: the main character, plot, setting, conflict, resolution. The most effective tools of the current manipulative strategy of political storytelling are analyzed – the tactics of spinning or “unwinding” the positive aspects of the message, and the techniques of using spin – cherry picking, gaslighting, non-denial denial and others. The grounds for distinguishing between fakes and factoids are presented. Classification parameters for the narrative analysis of political discourse are proposed.

Keywords: narrative theory, political narrative, metanarrative, counternarrative, alternative narrative, structure of narrative, typology of narrative.

For citation: Tameryan T.Yu., Shaipova A.M. Political narrative: concepts, typologies and structures. Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics. 2024, no 1, pp. 16–35. https://doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2024-1-16-35 (In Russ.). 

Bionote:
*Tatiana Yu. Tameryan¹, Amina M. Shaipova^2
1Khetagurov North Ossetian State University;
44-46 Vatutin Str., Vladikavkaz, Russian Federation, 362025;
²Moscow State Institute of International Relations; 
76 Vernadskiy Ave., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119454;
 ¹ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8109-1052; ²ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3762-8171;
¹Web of Science Researcher ID: E-4565-2014;
²Web of Science Researcher ID: GZG-4863-2022;
¹Scopus Author ID: 57110384400;
*e-mail: tamertu@mail.ru

Download issue

References:
1. Kreisworth M. Trusting the Tale: The Narrativist Turn in the Human Science. New Literary History. 1992; 3 (23):629-657. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Trusting-the-Tale%3A-The-Narrativist-Turn-in-the-Kreiswirth-Wh.... Accessed December 12, 2023.
2. MacIntyre A. After Virtue. London, Duckworth; 1981. Available at: https://epistemh.pbworks.com/f/4.+Macintyre.pdf. Accessed December 20, 2023.
3. Barthes R. Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narratives. R. Barthes. Image, Music, Text: Essays Selected and Translated by Stephen Heath. L.: Fontana Press. 1977: 79-124. Available at: https://libgen.li/ads45bf6601d4f2ccee76a72d51f6038ef0E31FX7G2. Accessed January 17, 2024. 
4. Jackson R. Constructing Enemies: Islamic Terrorism in Political and Academic Discourse, Government and Opposition. 2007; 42(3):394-426. Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/government-and-opposition/article/abs/constructing-enemies-i.... Accessed January 18, 2024.
5. Halverson J,  Corman S, Goodall HL. Master Narratives of Islamist Extremism Рublicftion: Palgrave Macmillan; 2015. Available at: http://masternarratives.comops.org/ about.html. Accessed January 18, 2024.
6. Al Raffie D. Whose Hearts and Minds? Narratives and Counter-Narratives of Salafi Jihadism. Journal of Terrorism Research. 2012; 3(2): 13-31. Available at: https://storage.googleapis.com/jnl-up-j-cvsajir-files/journals/1/articles/304/submission/proof/304-1.... Accessed January 20, 2024.
7. Barthwal-Datta M, Krystalli R, Shepherd L. Narrative in politics and the politics of narrative. In book:  The Routledge companion to narrative theory. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. 2022: 465-478. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360876227_Narrative_in_politics_and_the_politics_of_narrati.... Accessed January 20, 2024.
8. Fisher WR. The Narrative Paradigm: An elaboration. Communication Monographs. 1985; 52(4):347-367. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-narrative-paradigm%3A-An-elaboration-Fisher/bd9b579306af93.... Accessed January 20, 2024.
9. Shenhav, SR. Political Narratives and Political Reality. International Political Science Review. 2006; 27 (3):245–262.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512106064.
10. Patterson M, Kristen R. Monroe. Narrative in Political Science. Annual Review of Political Science. 1998(1):315–331. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-122414-033617.
11. Groth S. Political Narratives. Narrations of the Political. Narrative Culture. 2019; 1(6):1-18. https://doi.org/10.13110/narrcult.6.1.0001. 
12. Anastasova S. Political Narratosophy from Theory of Narration to Politics of Imagination. Published by Routledge; 2023. Available at: https://www.bokklubben.no/sosial-og-politisk-filosofi/political-narratosophy-senka-anastasova/produk.... Accessed January 21, 2024.
13. Рикёр П.  Я – сам как другой. М.: Издательство гуманитарной литературы; 2008. Доступно по: https://platona.net/load/knigi_po_filosofii/fenomenologija/rikjor_pol_ja_sam_kak_drugoj/53-1-0-686. Ссылка активна на 22.01.2024. (In Russ.). Riker P. I am myself as another. M.: Publishing House of Humanitarian Literature; 2008. Available at: https://platona.net/load/knigi_po_filosofii/fenomenologija/rikjor_pol_ja_sam_kak_drugoj/53-1-0-686. Accessed January 22, 2024. (In Russ.).
14. Shenhav S. Political Narratives and Political Reality. International Political Science Review. Revue internationale de science politique, London, Sage Publications, Ltd. 2006; 3(27): 245-262. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/signup.SignUp.html. Accessed January 27, 2024.
15. White H. The value of narrativity in the representation of reality. On narrative. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; 1980:1-23. Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Value-of-Narrativity-in-the-Representation-of-White/66fe2b.... Accessed January 28, 2024.
16. Bruner J. The Narrative Construction of Reality. Critical Inquiry. 1991; 18(1): 1-21 Available at: https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cavitch/pdf-library/Bruner_Narrative.pdf. Accessed January 29, 2024.
17. Pince G. Narratology: The Form and Functioning of Narrative. Berlin; New York; Amsterdam: Mouton, 1982. Available at: https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=1584923. Accessed January 29, 2024.
18. Шейгал Е.И. Семиотика политического дискурса. М: Гнозис; 2004. Доступно по: https://indusbook.xyz/books/semiotika-politicheskogo-disku. Ссылка активна на 23.01.2024. Sheigal EI. Semiotics of political discourse. M: Gnosis; 2004. Available at: https://indusbook.xyz/books/semiotika-politicheskogo-disku. Accessed January 23, 2024. (In Russ.).
19. Barthwal-Datta M, Krystalli R, Shepherd L.  Narrative in politics and the politics of narrative. The Routledge companion to narrative theory. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2022: 465-478. Accessed January 24, 2024.
20. Lyotard J-F. Postmodern Condition. Manchester University Press, Manchester; 1984. Available at: https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=2115867. Accessed January 23, 2024.
21. Akker van den R, Gibbons A, Vermeulen T. Metamodernism: Historicity, Affect and Depth after Postmodernism; New York: Rowman & Littlefield International; 2017. Available at: https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781783489619/Metamodernism-Historicity-Affect-and-Depth-after-Postmodernism. Accessed January 24, 2024.
22. Павлов А.В., Ерохина Ю.В. Образы современности в XXI веке: альтермодернизм. Философские науки. 2019; 2(62):7–25. https://doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-2-7-25. Pavlov AV, Erokhina YuV. Into the Images of modernity in the XXI century: Altermodernism. Philosophical Sciences. 2019; 2(62):7–25. https://doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-2-7-25. (In Russ.).
23. McLean KC, Syed M. Personal M. Master, and Alternative Narratives: An Integrative Framework for Understanding Identity Development. Human Development. Human Development. 2015: 318–349 Available at: https://10.1159/00044581. Accessed January 26, 2024.
24. Al Raffie D. Whose Hearts and Minds? Narratives and Counter-Narratives of Salafi Jihadism. Journal of Terrorism Research. 2012; 3(2):13-31. Available at: https://cvir.st-andrews.ac.uk/article/10.15664/jtr.304/.Accessed January 27, 2024.
25. Эпштейн М.Н. Слово и молчание. Метафизика русской литературы. М.: Высшая школа; 2006. Доступно по: https://library.sakharov-center.ru/vse-fondy/488/view_bl/95374/slovo-i-molchanie-metafizika-russkoj-.... Ссылка активна на 28.01.2024. Epstein MN. Word and silence. Metaphysics of Russian literature. Moscow: Higher School; 2006. Available at: https://library.sakharov-center.ru/vse-fondy/488/view_bl/95374/slovo-i-molchanie-metafizika-russkoj-.... Accessed January 28, 2024. (In Russ.).
26. Карасик В.И. Нарративное измерение лингвокультурных ценностей. Язык и культура. 2019; 47: 59-75. http//doi.org.10.17223/19996195/47/4. Karasik VI. The narrative dimension of linguistic and cultural values. Language and Culture. 2019; 47: 59-75. http//doi.org.10.17223/19996195/47/4. (In Russ.).
27. Ильин И.А. О русской идее. Среднерусский вестник общественных наук. 2007; 4:103-107. Доступно по: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-russkoy-idee. Ссылка активна на 02.02.2024. Ilyin IA. About the Russian idea. Central Russian Journal of Social Sciences. 2007; 4:103-107. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-russkoy-idee. Accessed February 2, 2024. (In Russ.).
28. Бердяев Н. Русская идея. Харьков-М.: «Фолио», «АСТ»; 1999. Доступно по: https://nnov.hse.ru/data/2018/02/20/1165426589/Бердяев%20Николай.%20Русская%20идея%20-%20royallib.ru.... Ссылка активна на 07.02.2024. Berdyaev N. Russian idea. Kharkiv-M.: “Folio”, “AST”; 1999. Available at: https://nnov.hse.ru/data/2018/02/20/1165426589/Berdyaev%20Nikolai.%20Russian%20idea%20-%20royallib.r.... Accessed February 7, 2024. (In Russ.).
29. Лотман Ю.М. Культура и взрыв. М.: Изд. группа «Прогресс», 1992. Доступно по: https://imwerden.de/pdf/lotman_kultura_i_vzryv_1992__ocr.pdf. Ссылка активна на 10.02.2024. Lotman YuM. Culture and explosion. M.: ed. Progress Group, 1992. Available at: https://imwerden.de/pdf/lotman_kultura_i_vzryv_1992__ocr.pdf. Accessed February 10, 2024. (In Russ.).
30. Дейк Т. ван. Язык и идеология. Методология исследований политического дискурса: Актуальные проблемы содержательного анализа общественно-политических текстов. 2000; 2:50-63. Доступно по: https://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/40695/1/Выпуск%203.pdf. Ссылка активна на 10.02.2024. Dijk T. van. Language and ideology. The methodology of political discourse research: Actual issues of meaningful analysis of socio-political texts. 2000; 2:50-63. Available at: https://elib.bsu.by/bitstream/123456789/40695/1/Выпуск%203.pdf. Accessed February 10, 2024. (In Russ.).
31. Freeden M. The morphological analysis of ideology. Oxford handbook of political ideologies. Oxford: Oxford Univ. press, 2013: 115–137. Available at: https://philpapers.org/rec/FRETOH. Accessed February 12, 2024.
32. Freeden М, Freeden M. ‘What makes a political concept political?’, Qualitative Methods. 2005; 3(2): 1-27. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/103244666/What_Makes_A_Political_Concept_Political. Accessed February 13, 2024.
33. Bamberg M, Andrews M. Considering Counter-Narratives: Narrating, resisting, making sense. John Benjamins Publishing, 2004. Available at: https://books.google.co.ls/books?id=RgZZ_wRRtqYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false. Accessed February 13, 2024.
34. Bamberg M. Counter-Narratives of Crime and Punishment. Conflicting Narratives of Crime and Punishment. 2020: 23-41. Available at: https://researchoutreach.org/articles/master-counter-narratives-same-facts-different-stories/. Accessed February 14, 2024.
35. Жак Деррида. О грамматологии. М.: Ad Marginem; 2000. Доступно по: https://opentextnn.ru/old/man/index.html@id=3849. Ссылка активна на 13.02.2024. Jacques Derrida On grammatology. M.: Ad Marginem; 2000. Available at: https://opentextnn.ru/old/man/index.html@id=3849. Accessed February 13, 2024. (In Russ.).
36. Tuck H, Silverman T. The Counter-Narrative Handbook. London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue, 2016. Available at: https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/the-counter-narrative-handbook/. Accessed February 17, 2024.
37. Houriya A, Hannah S. Hizb ut-Tahrir: ideology and strategy. London: The Centre for Social Cohesion, 2009. Available at: https://researchoutreach.org/articles/master-counter-narratives-same-facts-different-stories/. Accessed February 17, 2024.
38. Genette G. Narrative Discourse Revisited. Translated by Jane E. Lewin. Ithaca, NY. Cornell University Press; 1988. Available at: https://communication.unt.edu/narrative-discourse-revisited. Accessed February 22, 2024.
39. Шкловский В. Строение рассказа и романа. В кн.: «О теории прозы». М.: Советский писатель. 1983: 56-69. Доступно по: https://monoskop.org/images/7/75/Shklovsky_Viktor_O_teorii_prozy_1929.pdf. Ссылка активна на 24.02.2024. Shklovsky V. The structure of the story and the novel. In the book: “On the theory of prose.” M.: Soviet writer. 1983: 56-69. Available at: https://monoskop.org/images/7/75/Shklovsky_Viktor_O_teorii_prozy_1929.pdf. Accessed February 24, 2024. (In Russ.).
40. Eisenberg J, Finlayson M. Annotation Guideline No. 1: Cover Sheet for Narrative Boundaries Annotation Guide. Journal of Cultural Analytics. 2019; 50-80. https://doi.org/10.22148/16.051.
41. Ryan M-L. Possible worlds, artificial intelligence, and narrative theory. Indiana University Press; 1991. Available at: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/531694. Accessed February 25, 2024.
42. Seargeant P. The Art of Political Storytelling. Why Stories Win Votes in Post-truth Politics. London: Bloomsbury; 2020. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350107427.
43. Kiran V. Political Narrative Building: Why Building a Narrative is a Critical Political Campaign. Political Marketing; 2020. Available at: https://politicmarketer.com/politic-narrative-building/. Accessed February 26, 2024.
44. Kate C. McLean, Syed M. Personal, Master, and Alternative Narratives: An Integrative Framework for Understanding Identity Development in Context Human Development. 2015; 58 (6): 318–349. https://doi.org/10.1159/000445817.
45. O’Loughlin B, Miskimmon A, Roselle L. Forging the World: Strategic Narratives and International Relations: University of Michigan Press, 2017. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312969600_Forging_the_World_Strategic_Narratives_and_Intern.... Accessed February 20, 2024.
46. Roselle L. Media and the Politics of Failure: Great Powers, Communication Strategies, and Military Failures. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2007. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/79249686/Media_and_the_politics_of_failure_great_powers_communication_strat.... Accessed February 22, 2024.
47. Карасик В.И. Фактоиды как лингвокультурное явление. Политическая лингвистика. 2017; 3 (63): 21-30. Доступно по: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/faktoidy-kak-lingvokulturnoe-yavlenie. Ссылка активна на 22.02.2024. Karasik VI. Factoids as a linguistic and cultural phenomenon. Political Linguistics. 2017; 3 (63): 21-30. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/faktoidy-kak-lingvokulturnoe-yavlenie. Accessed February 22, 2024. (In Russ.).

Количество показов: 24